ENCAPSULATION is the grouping of data items and functions into a type. By this we mean, if you have operations you want to perform on a student, you would sum them up, both the properties of the student and the operations you want to perform on them and encapsulate them into a class.

So we would have the class student that can contain properties like

i. Name
ii. Age etc.

And also operations like

i. AssignStudentID
ii. ChangeDepartment etc.

This would make it more organized and resuable.

That's the advantage of encapsulation.

Abstraction - It is the view of an object in context. For you to be performing an abstraction, you have to take a real world object and consider the properties of that object that are of use to your application.

EXAMPLE

If you have to make and abstraction while trying to write a software for calculating results at a university, properties of a person that would be of intrest to you would inculde:

i. Age
ii. Gender
iii. Program of study

You wouldn't be too interested in the persons relationship status.

This is because you are only concerned with things about the person that would enable you develop a working application. You are trying to view the person "in context".

1. Dynamic RAM has to be constantly refreshed while static RAM doesn't.
2. Dynamic RAM is cheaper than static RAM.
3. Dynamic RAM is slower than static RAM.

Sick of browsing with half your screen?

Well then take out the toolbars. Here's how to do it:

Step 1 - Click on the highlighted button and then click addons

Step 2 - Click on extensions then click the remove button beside all the stuff there that you didn't download yourself.

Most of you would have noticed that the experience index isn't in windows 8.1 anymore.

WHAT IS EXPERIENCE INDEX?

 Windows experience index is a means of benchmarking or comparing windows systems. It rates the hardware available to a pc and gives a number to enable you compare with friends and know whose pc is more superior.

It used to look like this:

But on windows 8.1 its not there anymore.

The only way it can be accessed is through the CLI (Command Line Interface).

To do view it follow these steps:

Step 1: type cmd in the start menu and press enter.
Step 2: type "winsat prepop" in the window that appears

Step 3: type "windows powershell" in the windows start menu and press enter.

Step 4: type "Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_WinSAT" in the window that opens

Step 4: View results.

The "WinSPRLevel" is your summary score and the remaining scores are individual scores in different categories like memory, 3d graphics, etc.

Your summary score is always the lowset score you get in each individual category.
You can now compare this score with friends.

Hope this helps!

To format a windows PC using a USB disk isn't as straight forward as using a CD because you have to make the USB disk bootable.

TO DO THIS:

Step 1 - Download your preferred windows operating system version from anywhere on the internet, a google search should provide you with results.

Step 2 - If you didnt download your operating system but have a CD for it and want to install from a usb disk, you need to download an application called "daemon tools lite" from here. Install the daemon tools and then insert the windows CD. 

Open the software and click on "make disc image" then click on the "start" button. Then wait till u see done. Then u wld see the image catalog. Eg "GRTMSKCFRERR dvd.iso" then right and click on "open containing folder".

Step 3 - You need to download an application called rufus from here

Step 4 - Open Rufus and click on the cd logo beside the FreeDOS and select the iso for the operating system. As in number 2 in the picture below

Step 5 - Select the drive that you would like to format and install the OS on. The drive has to be more than 4GB. As in number 1 in the picture below

Step 6 - Click on Start

Step 7 - On completion of the process, it would write "done". Now restart your computer and be pressing the ESC button repeatedly till you see a screen with some options that include "boot device options".

Step 8 - Press F9

Step 9 - use the arrow keys on your keyboard to navigate to the name of the flash drive you put the windows on in step 5 and press "enter" on your keyboard.

Step 10 - You will see the installer for windows. Follow the process described and be clicking next till you see that the installer says its copying the files.

For more pictures per step click HERE

NOTE: The process from step 7 may differ depending on your PC manufacturer.

Most times, the DEL, F12 or F10 buttons would work for you if the F9 doesn't.

If that happens to be the case for you, please leave a comment stating your PC model number and id respond with the exact steps for your particular machine.


If you press any of the above buttons and get a screen that looks like this

Then click HERE for another tutorial that can instruct you on what to do.

To watch Netflix in Nigeria or to use any site that normally won't work for people outside the United States (like hulu), you need a VPN.

VPN means Virtual Private Network, and it just makes the website you are visiting believe you are in the USA by giving you an American IP address (the IP is what websites use to determine the users location).

There are paid and free VPN solutions but for this tutorial i'd recommend you use the free version of cyberGhost you can get it at their website by following this --->>>>> Link

Step 1 - Download the software and install it on your computer.

Step 2 - Get and unlimited or cheap internet connection. You can use airtel bis plan. Its relatively affordable at 2 Gb for 1500 naira or spectranets night plan currently at 9500 naira for 55Gb as of the time of this post.

Step 3 - Go to Netflix and pay with your credit card for the month. Its roughly 10 dollars and you can do this with PayPal.

Step 4 - Your good to go. Locate what you wanna watch and start streaming.

Mtn Ghana has been advertising unlimited plans on their website. Many people understand these plans to be plans without a download limit. This perception is wrong.

Mtn has a fair usage of 15GB on all their unlimited plans and about a 2GB limit on their 3 cedis per night plan.

The fair usage means that once you reach 15GB you get "rate-limited". Rate limiting is the act of cutting down your network throughput by the network admin.

For example you normally download at 800kbps, once you pass 15GB your download speed cuts to about 30kbps, which is barely enough for you to download songs quickly.

Verdict - If you just need to be online throughout the validity of your plan viewing pages and making scanty downloads, then their unlimited plans are for you but if you are looking for unlimited in its real sense as someone who makes a lot of downloads, then is DEFINITELY not for you.

For heavy downloaders, you can get 10GB on tigo for 50 cedis. Check my post on tigo plans for you to know more.

Are you one of those guys that start up their computer and get a window like this??

 Its pretty annoying when you have to do that anytime you start up your computer. Here is how to disable it:

Step 1 - Go to your control panel

Step 2 - Locate Java settings under program

Step 3 - Click on the update tab

Step 4  - Uncheck the automatic update button

Step 5 - Click OK

NOTE: While this saves you some stress of clicking a button, it is advisable to update your java periodically to increase your computers security. You should do that once a month by googling "java update" or going to Java's website.

To go to Java's website now click here